MOUNT PAPANDAYAN TOUR

"In January 1706, two Dutch soldiers named Creatiaun and Van Houten had the duty of the local prefecture to visit, investigate and search for pure sulfur in Mount Papandayan and Mount Patuha. At that time, Mount Papandayan still there in full height "(Kusumadinata, 1970)"

Long time before the Dutch people find this mountain, local communities have often crossed Mount Papandayan to bring tobacco, salt, vegetables, and the results of the other earth. This point is the nearest road that connects the highlands to the valley Canning Bandung Garut.

Papandayan name, derived from the language sunda "Panday" which means blacksmith. In the past, when people across the mountains, often sounds like workplace conditions smiths, the sound was coming from a very active crater. Thus this mountain was renamed by the community Papandayan around this mountain.

Mount Papandayan located around 25 km southwest Garut regency, with the geographical position of 7o19 'South latitude and 107 o 44' East Longitude with an altitude of about 2665 M or about 1950 M above the plains Garut. South of this mountain there is Mount Guntur and adjacent to east there is Mount Cikuray.

Mount Papandayan is the most southern cone of the volcano row in southern Priangan have classified (since the Dutch colonial era) as the active volcanoes are quite dangerous in West Java. Eruptions that occurred since ancient times to make this mountain forms a horseshoe like pieces. The crater is located in Tegal alun-alun which has long since dead and turned into an open field. This old crater walls form a complex of mountains with peaks of Mount Malang (2675 M), Mount Masigit (2619 M), Mount Saroni (2611 M) and Mount Papandayan (2665 M) that surround the town square of Tegal. This field appears in the spring that became Ciparugpug River.

Horseshoe around this area, we can also see the small mountains that surround Mount Papandayan, among others, Mount Puntang (2555 M), Mount Walirang (2238 M), Mount Tegal Paku ( 2225 M) and Mount Jaya (2422 M). While among Mount Puntang and Mount There Walirang Cede Cibeureum river which flows into the River Cimanuk.


Eruption History
In recorded history, major eruptions have occurred in Mount Papandayan on 11 - August 12, 1772. major eruption caused the destruction of some body of this mountain, forming a horseshoe crater open towards the northeast.
 

"With a booming voice and a great sound, after the middle of the night suddenly seemed to rise up the rays of light, which illuminate the darkness, breaks down the top of the mountain, throwing and spread loaf on to surounding". Such records F.W. Junghuhn, a German mountain explorer of the outbreak of Mount Papandayan on August 11, 1772.

This biggest eruption of mount Papandayan recorded in history. Besides destroying part of his body, this eruption also destroyed 40 villages Garut highland, eat more or less casualties and killed 2957 people of more than 1500 head of cattle, buffaloes, goats, animals and other pets.
 

In 1819, the founder of Bogor botanical garden, a germany Reindwardt CGC became the first foreigner to climb this mountain. In this period, Mount Papandayan becoming a haven for volcano experts and the plants until now.
 

R.D.M. opinion Verbeek and R. Fennema, eruption Mount Papandayan in the year 1772 took place as was the case in Mount Semeru in East Java in 1885, but more powerful. At the time of the eruption of vomit fire was visible for 5 minutes from the crater Papandayan (crater Mas), followed by rock avalanches that destroyed the lower regions. Events falling rock avalanches tersebutlah which is the subject of the event eruption Mount Papandayan in the year 1772.

After that, the mountain was having a quiet again until March 11, 1923 at Papandayan crater (crater Mas) began swirling again until March 9, 1925. Over 2 years, a small explosion did not harm often occurs in this mountain.

Eruption that occurred on March 11, 1923 was recorded from the crater contained in Tegal Alun-alun, the eruption of mud and rocks for heads who came out to about 150 AD

According to Head and population CISURUPAN, eruption on March 11, 1923 occurred at night preceded by a mild earthquake. This explosion of events, the eruption of new field has been discovered and named New crater. In a field as wide as 100 AD eruption, the eruption of 7 holes were discovered and a small lake has formed.

Along with the formation of new craters above, in June 1923, at the foot of Mount Nangklak (a steep wall of the south crater Mas) has also formed a new crater crater named Nangklak with the eruption of 3 holes in it.

Throughout the years 1924 to 1925, small eruptions occur alternately in each of the different crater of the mountain until the program finally entered a period long enough rest to a large eruption occurred back on November 11, 2002.

On Monday, 11 November 2002 at 15:30, Mount Papandayan restart operations after nearly 60 years in the rest.

Eruption in 2002 was preceded by a small eruption freatik on 1 to 3 October 2002, which occurred in the crater Mas causing increased activity of this mountain. Mas crater temperatures have increased and could burn the sulfur deposits contained therein.

On November 10, 2002, Post Mountain Fire Observation Papandayan noted a significant increase in the number of type B Volcanic Earthquake of 60 times. This earthquake marks the chasm and land systems in the region Mas crater becomes saturated with water vapor and pressure, and activate the steam system in the crater to the eruption Mas freatik next.

On November 11, 2002, the first eruption occurred at freatik New crater at 16:03 pm, which is a concentrated blast of dust into the air which reaches a height of 5 km from the summit. Explosion at New crater caused a massive landslide Nangklak hill disebagian wall, the avalanche of material falling into the river Gede Cibeureum cause flash floods and mud along the river in the district Cibeureum Gede. Bayongbong. Recorded 5 houses damaged and roads between the Cikajang Garut disconnected.

Eruption in 2002 also has changed the face of a horseshoe valley Mount Papandayan, materials that shed had amassed the valley floor and bury Ciparugpug River. While Mount Nangklak experiencing massive landslides along with the formation of several new craters.

Some of the above events in the history of this volcanic eruption that took Mount Papandayan become an important location for the audience than from time immemorial until today.

Currently Mount Papandayan is one of the active volcano in West Java that has been developed into a tourist attraction and destination panorama of the volcano researchers abroad.

Tourist objects that are breathtaking in this mountain formed naturally from vulkanisma process that has taken place in the past. Activity that occurred for hundreds of years, has produced and leave the natural forms are typical of volcanic cones, craters, rocky outcrop and the formation of new structures of curug (waterfall), lakes, hot springs, pit blast steam heat from the ground, boiling pools and yellow sulfur deposits combined with a landscape filled with rocks scattered in and open plains covered with grass and beautiful plants edelweis or old forests draped in moss is amazing.

Uniqueness is what distinguishes the unique beauty of the Mount Papandayan with volcano-other volcanoes in Indonesia.


Biological Diversity
Mount Papandayan has been a nature reserve since 1924. When the Dutch colonial government had set a forest area and the crater area of 884 ha Papandayan a nature reserve. We have a total area of nature reserves has increased to 6807 ha plus a natural park area of 225 ha. Adding broad nature reserve and nature park was established by Decree of the Minister of Forestry No. 226/kpts/1990 dated 8-5-1990. Territory includes Mount Papandayan, Mount Puntang, Mount Jaya, Mount Kendang, Tegal Darajat length and crater. With its status as a nature reserve means Mount Papandayan and biodiversity inside protected by the Republic of Indonesia.

Mount Papandayan has a quiet natural forest, natural forests can we meet at an altitude of 1900 - 2675 mdpl. Experts classify forest vegetation at this height as the mountain forests and sub-alpine. Plant research in areas between 2004 until Saladah Pondok long Tegal disclose the following forest conditions.

In the crater area, we can find a bush plants are resistant to toxic gases such as suwagi, grass crater craters and nails. Further away from the crater, plants shrubs become more diverse again. Suwagi addition, the tree seals, ramo gencel, riots koneng, shrubs harendong, edelweiss, grass craters, andam nails, vines and bungburn Gandapura can we meet this area.

More to the curb, we'll see a tree that branches ki Haruman mendomonasi landscape filled bumps. To the north of the area behind the former rest house Hoogbert hut, forest conditions began to change because of the influence of the crater began to decrease. Here the forest full of trees with diameter is a meeting with the forest floor but are seldom covered in the bush, we can find a tree kendung, anggrit, riots and civil Sintok stone. In addition, plants can also nail bagedor we meet with carex grass and bushes teklan.

Starting from Cisupabeureum (2126 mdpl), leg Mount Long Puntang to Tegal, the trees large diameter by a moss-covered forest floor meetings with overgrown by plants bubukuan can we meet here. Tree anggrit and ki is dominated in the rain forest, other than dogs and laurel beurit greetings. Two types of herbaceous ground cover of Elatostema rostratum eurhynchum and easily visible Elatostema here with forest strawberry vines.

In Tegal length, we can find 25 types of herbaceous plants that live with the weeds. Some of them are prominent veins ki, antanan and Scleria terestis. Alchemilla villosa endemic plants and rare plants Primula imperalis can be found also in this field.

In addition to the above plants, we also can meet and observe some wildlife that live in the woods this Papandayan, such as Surili monkey, monkey, wild boar, check and leopard. Areas near the forest edge of our estates will find easily tando animals, skunks and careh.

According to the Dutch colonial documents, ancient times can still be found buffalo, deer, and Lemur are seen grazing in Tegal length. Predators of Javanese tigers are still too frequent. But now it's only a memory course, these animals have become extinct.

Dutch bird researcher named Hoogerwerf in the year 1948 there were 115 reported bird species that live in Mount Papandayan. A 2004 study on the west side of Mount Papandayan, from cottage to Tegal Saladah length and the forest border areas with gardens on Canning has found 73 species of birds. Eight endemic species among the islands of Java and the other 15 species protected by legislation. There are 2 types of endangered birds, the eagle mountain of Java and faded and 2 other bird species and endangered species near the mountain and Spotted wallet sun.

Around the crater wall, found in birds of prey Dadali and alap-alap dragonfly. While the forest area dominated by plants around the crater suwagi, easy to find the bird spectacles, balecot, tengtelok and tikukur.

In the woods after the crater until tegal length, we can find junk mountain, bird broom, striped mungguk, wergan and glasses together with action and cincoang quail inhabiting blue bushes. Bird saeran, saeran walik gray and purple heads are also often seen in these woods. Meanwhile faded and faded tiger mountain precision needed to meet.

While the border areas of forest with a vegetable garden or tea gardens can be found in birds of prey are threatened with extinction namely Javanese eagles along with 2 other predators are eagles and eagle ruyuk black. Bird saeran, wergan koneng, small and kepudang Spiderhunter Java sungu also accessible this area. While the bird and the Spotted sun kandancra requires patience to be able to see it. Tea in the garden itself is an outdoor playground and a habitat for two bird species and tektek reod toed.

Based on the eating habits, the birds in Mount Papandayan majority (64%) are insectivorous (insectivor). This condition indicates a large role in the bird population balancing insects found in the woods Papandayan.


Nature and Tourism Panorama Mountain of Fire (Vulkanowisata)
Mount Papandayan but known to many people because of natural scenery, the beauty of the crater and a compelling sunrisenya, also known by many people because the mountain conditions that can be used as a source of knowledge for students of the volcano. Including for students, students and researchers who need data related to natural sciences such as forestry science, geology, vulcanology, geophysical and others.
 

Almost every month, especially in the month of April until November, local and foreign tourists and students who visited the mountain many of these to the needs of different.

The mountain itself has been equipped with several facilities that allow visitors and researchers to visit here. The parking lot area of a football field. MCK, Mushola, food stalls and a host of well-trained guides knowledge and skills in English can be quite indulgent and help us to more deeply understand the content of mountain and forest wealth in Mount Papandayan.

Several tour packages are also sold by the guides here to help us unravel the mysteries of this mountain and will bring us to the most beautiful locations distant land in Mount Papandayan and surrounding areas.

Several locations are usually visited by hikers, tourists and researchers are as follows.

Pondok Saladah
Saladah cottage is a prairie area 8 ha area located at an altitude of 2288 mdpl. Many plants grown edelweis lasting and not easily wither and have a distinctive aroma. This area is Cisaladah River flowing water flows throughout the year, this place is usually used as a place to camp activities. Throughout perjalanaan from the parking lot (the starting point of climbing) to where it will be treated to a panorama of our beautiful nature, namely the opening scene of vast horseshoe-shaped caldera is very broad, ie, approximately 3 km which is decorated with scattered rocks colorful. To the right of the journey we will encounter a silver stone wall named cliff soni, which can be seen garut city from the top of this cliff, while next to her left we can see traces of the former volcanic flows in 2002, the trees and burned a hole -holes that emit steam from the earth. Suwagi plants also decorate the scene during the journey to this place.

Mas Crater
For tourists both local and foreign tourists, researchers and the climbers, Mas crater is a location that has always been the main goal of all the way to the mountain. When compared with the locations of other tourist objects surrounding mountains, craters Mas is a location that was built in such a way and seems more advanced and developed. This is because the crater Mas is the most important central location and history of the series of eruptions Mount Papandayan. Here we can observe the volcanic activity ongoing Papandayan appropriate time, in the crater have 14 holes that emit smoke crack with a color different, some sulfuric springs were also seen out from between the rock and of course we can observe the activity Mas crater from close range.

Mas is a complex crater mountain berapai of the active area of 10 ha. In this complex there is magma holes both large and small, these holes out smoke and steam to create a variety of unique sounds.

In addition to the above the crater, several other craters such as Manuk craters, craters and craters New Nangklak can also visit us to deepen our observations of volcanic activity Papandayan.

Tegal Alun-Alun
Tegal Square is the location of the oldest craters Mount Papandayan who has long since dead and turned into an open field located nearly all the plants covered by edelweis, so long as we are in this location we will always smell a typical flower edelweiss. This location is like a valley surrounded by mountains with complex peaks were towering. This location also appears to spring next Ciparugpug River fumarola, solfatara and hot springs that come out through cracks or crack rocks around it. For the researchers, Tegal Alun-alun is always used as a place to observe wild animals and plants endemic.

Besides the above, Tegal Square and several other locations such as wind and cliffs Lawang Soni, is also a location that can be used as a place to capture important moments such as pangambilan moment of sunrise (Sunrise), which is amazing.

Death Valley (Valley Ruslan)
Death Valley (valley Ruslan) is one of the locations that are considered dangerous for visitors on the mountain. This Dilembah found many carcasses of dead animals trapped by poisonous gas. On December 18, 1924, reported an orderly named Ruslan fall into this valley and unconscious, a few moments later paramedics confirmed dead Ruslan because inhaling the gas CL2. After the events of the death of Ruslan orderly, the valley was declared dangerous. And therefore this valley then known, and given the name with the title of Death Valley or the Valley Ruslan.
 

Cliffs Soni - Bandung, 28 August to 4 September 2009.
(This paper is dedicated to the Friends of the guide as friends Papandayan Mount Gones, Kang Ilet, and input Kusnadiawan articles for tourism services company Indotraveler Nusantara)

Related Topic : Bandung White Water Rafting..

                         Garut White Water Rafting..

                         Bandung Car Rent..

                         Bandung Outbound & Gathering Tour Package..